Object Oriented Programming

Classes

Classes are used to create objects. They are declared using the class keyword.

To initialize the fields in the class use the init method. Each field is accessed under the self keyword.

class Person {
    init(name, age){
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age;
    }
}

Objects

Objects are instances of classes. They are created by calling the class name as a function with whichever arguments are required.

var person = Person("John", 25);

Bounded Methods

Methods are functions that are associated with a class. They are declared inside the class.

class Person {
    init(name, age){
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age;
    }

    greet(){
        print "Hello, my name is " + self.name;
    }
}

var person = Person("John", 25);
person.greet();

Inheritance

Inheritance is used to create a new class that is based on an existing class. The new class inherits the fields and methods of the existing class.

To inherit from a class, use the < operator.

class Student < Person {
    init(name, age, grade){
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age;
        self.grade = grade;
    }
}